Tuesday, May 10, 2016
How do Win Him Back with Regular Communication
Thursday, May 5, 2016
psychology Effects of Attractiveness on Jury Decision Making
The findings of this study can help to understand why jurors take certain decision, why they behave like they behave and what important characteristics of defendants influence them.
Introduction
There are quite a lot of various factors that can influence jury decision making. Some of the important factors are the personal characteristics and socio-economic status of a defendant that have a great influence on the assessment of guilt by jury member. It has been shown that the defendants appearance can have a great impact on jurors perception. As a rule, attractive people enjoy more peoples confidence than unattractive ones. And at the court they also can be treated with more leniencies and tolerance.
Many social and forensic psychologists have become interested in studying this issue. They investigated different aspects of it including personal characteristics of the defendant, of the victim, of the jury members, etc. Speaking about personal characteristics, there should be pointed out that physical appearance, persons attractiveness are the most obvious characteristics that can have positive as well as negative impacts on people. Because it is the first thing by which we judge about a person.
There are a lot of researchers investigating the influence of the defendants attractiveness on jurors decisions of guilt or innocence. There should be mentioned: Landy and Aronson (1969); Dion, Berscheid, and Walster (1972); Efran (1974); Nemeth and Sosis (1073) and others.
In the present research it was hypothesized that an attractive character description would provide positive perception of the defendant while negative description would cause negative one. Besides, the second hypothesis concerned the fact that more attractive defendant would receive shorter and more lenient sentence recommendation.
Opening paragraph
The present study was devoted to the investigation of an attractiveness of the defendant and its influence on the length of the sentence. The participants were asked to rate the defendants attractiveness according to the proposed scenarios and to determine his sentence. This research is very important, as reveals significant aspects of jurors decision making. The present research allowed us to receive quite valid data on the individual level. So, the thesis statement of this research is that it investigates individual level of juror decision making without taking into account collective form of decision making.
Literature review
As it was mentioned in the introduction, there are many researchers who investigate the influence of the attractiveness of the defendant on juror decision making. In particular, Landy and Aronson (1969) conducted their research using the case of a driving accident as a result of the defendants alcohol intoxication. The results of their research were not very effective, thats why in the present research there were used the case and scenarios from Landy and Aronsons study to verify their findings. Another researchers, Nemeth and Sosis (1073) carried out a simulated jury study. They use in their investigation a new method group discussion, as they supposed that it could have less influence on the length of the sentence and inappropriate jurors decisions while individual decision making could distort the perception of the defendant. Dion, Berscheid, and Walster (1972) studied the correlation between the attractiveness and desirable social skills of people. They used the following method: they showed photographs of different people to the participants of the research. The participants were asked to rate them according to their socially desirable traits. The result revealed that more attractive people were rated as having more socially desirable skills. Besides, in their study, some photographs of children who committed severe crimes were proposed to the participants. The results showed that the crimes were perceived as less severe and less negative if attractive children committed them. Moreover, the participants claimed that attractive children would never commit a crime again, while unattractive would be able to do it.
Efran (1974) researched the influence of a defendants attractiveness on the length and the level of severance of the sentence. At first, the participants were asked to answer the pre-experimental questionnaire. As a result, 79% of the participant claimed that the jurors should take into account first of all the dependants physical attractiveness. Then the researcher proposed photographs of attractive and unattractive students with the described case of their cheating. The participants had to rate them according to six-point scale. The results showed that the attractive defendants received shorter and milder punishment.
Mazzela and Feingold (1994) conducted another interesting study. They carried out a meta-analysis that included 80 studies. There were 25 studies directed at the research of physical attractiveness. The results were the following: mock jurors were disposed to find attractive defendant less guilty in comparison with unattractive ones. In their investigation the researchers analyzed the correlation between physical attractiveness and the length of the sentence depending on the kind of a crime. In other words, they found that the attractive defendant received the same sentence as unattractive defendants if their crime was swindling. On the other hand, in case of cheating, robbery and rape attractive defendants received shorter and less severe sentence.
Another researchers, Sigall and Ostrove (1975), studied the correlation between the defendants attractiveness, the kind of his crime and jurors decision. They got very interesting results. First of all, they stated that if a defendant was charged with a crime that did not deal with the physical appearance, attractive defendant received less severe punishment. But if the crime related to physical attractiveness of a person, such as fraud, the attractive defendants received more sever sentence, than unattractive defendants.
Final Summary
Most of the presented researches show us that attractive defendants often receive shorter, milder and lenient sentences and punishments than unattractive defendants. They are more often considered to be less guilty and able to commit crimes in future. This happens because people always believe that an attractive person is a good person, and only unattractive people are guilty of crimes. This is a stereotype of our society, which naturally influences jurors judgments, decisions, and sentences. The present study aims at replicate the results of previous researches, in particular of Landy and Aronsons study, and at investigate how character description influence juror decision making.
Method
Participants
A total of 128 people (61 males and 67 females) were haphazardly selected in the San Diego Country area, in California.
Design
2 x 2 design is used, as there are two independent variables
attractiveness of victim and attractiveness of defendant, each of which has two levels of variation attractive & unattractive. There are four conditions in this experiment: 1) attractive victim, attractive defendant; 2) unattractive victim, unattractive defendant; 3) attractive victim, unattractive defendant; 4) unattractive victim, attractive defendant.
Materials & Procedure
The participants were asked to read the summary of the fact and then each of the four different scenarios. The case was about a driving accident caused by the defendants (Sander) alcohol intoxication. John Sander was driving an annual Christmas office on the evening of December 24 when his automobile killed a pedestrian by the name of Martin Lowe.
The circumstances leading to this event were following: the employee of the insurance office where Sander worked began to party at around 2:00 P.M. By 5:00 P.M. Sander had had several drinks. Soon the party was beginning to break up. Sander left the office building and drove home. Then a policeman stooped him for reckless driving. He said that he would let Sander off if he would promise to leave his car and take a taxi. Sander agreed. But the minute the taxi had returned a corner; Sander told the driver to stop and came back to his own car. Upon reaching he drove off. He ran a red light and stuck Lowe, who was crossing the street. Lowe died a few minutes later in the way to the hospital. Sander was charged with negligent homicide. The police medical examiners report indicated that Sanders estimated blood alcohol concentration was between 2.5 and 3.0%.
After reading the fact, the participants were proposed to read the scenarios.
There were four scenarios: attractive victim, attractive defendant; unattractive victim, unattractive defendant; attractive victim, unattractive defendant; unattractive victim, attractive defendant.
The attractive victim was described as a noted architect of the city and prominent member of the community. He designed a lot of wonderful buildings through out the state and was an active member of community welfare board. He was a founding member of an orphanage. At the time the accident he was on his way to the orphanage to deliver Christmas gifts.
The unattractive victim was described as a notorious gangster and Syndicate boss who had been vying for power in the syndicate controlling the states underworld activities. He was allegedly responsible for massacre of 5 men. At the time of the accident he was carrying a loaded 32-calibre pistol. He was out of jail on bond and was awaiting trial for mall fraud and income tax invasion.
As an attractive person, the defendant was depicted as a 64-year-old insurance adjustor. He was employed for 42 years and was known as a good worker and friendly person. He was a widower as his wife recently died of cancer. He was going to spend Christmas Eve with his son and daughter-in-law. The cause of the accident was his gun wound aggravated at the moment of the accident.
The unattractive defendant was 33-year-old janitor. He was not known by many of the employees of his office. He was 2-time divorcee, with three children by his first wife. He was going to have Christmas Eve with his girlfriend at her apartment. He did not suffer any major injuries n the accident. He had two misdemeanors on his criminal record for breaking and entering and a drug violation.
The defendant was accused of negligent automobile homicide. That crime is punishable by imprisonment of one to twenty-five years in the state.
The participants were asked to render the length of the defendants sentence according to each of the four scenarios.
The participants were also asked several questions about how they felt about the defendant and the victim. They had to use a nine-point scale from extremely favorable to extremely unfavorable.
The mean age of participants was 29,3. The sample was represented by the males as well as by the females.
At the end of the experiment the participant were thanked for their participation and were asked to refrain from discussing the case with anyone. They were informed that if they would like to ask anything more about the study or would like to see the results, they could contact the researcher.
Results
Manipulation check
A manipulation check was given to the participants to see if they perceived the independent variable, as it was hypothesized. After reading the case and four scenarios, the participants were asked to rate the favorability of the defendant according to the scale from 1 to 9. The results showed that favorability rating of the defendant differed subject to his character description, t(126)=2.14, p.05. Nevertheless, the results were received in the intended manner. Sentence recommendations for the unattractive defendant (M=15.28, SD= 8.32) were a bit longer, than for the attractive defendant (M=13.30, SD=7.86). But this difference was not statistically very significant.
Victim analysis
The results showed that favorability rating of the victim differed subject to his character description, t(126)= 7.92,p
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Wednesday, May 4, 2016
How Do I Get My Boyfriend Back Once Again
Sunday, April 24, 2016
How to Get a Man Back by Being Friendly
How do u Win Him Back with Making Changes in your Life
Wednesday, April 20, 2016
Were are only making Reviews here

If you are confused or Lost in which product to go for especially when there are so many products in the category of "Getting Your Ex Back", dont worry,You have come to the right place!
Based on extensive and unbiased research from hundreds of review sites all across the web on the top products in this category, I manage to compile some necessary information and point you in the best direction to get the answers you have been searching for. This will definitely save you a ton of research time and effort. This lens will cover the best guides that focus on ways of getting your ex back and answers the question. How Do I Get My Ex Back?
Friday, April 15, 2016
Read How Do I Get Him Back eBook Review before Making A Purchase
Spend to read how do i get him back ebook review before paying some to gain the hidden secret. Relationship experts usually open special coaching classes to welcome broken hearted lovers. They also write a book and deliver the electronic copies to be shared widely online. However, not all of them can work. You have to read the reviews and customers feedbacks to see if any of them have the same situation and successfully reunite with the happily renewed relationship.
Wednesday, April 6, 2016
When Should You Contact Your Ex Girlfriend After a Breakup
If you want to get your ex girlfriend back in your life, you need to be careful about when and how you contact her. As you may have read elsewhere, many relationship gurus encourage you not to contact your ex for a period of time after breaking up. This is often referred to as the "no contact" period.
Now, thats definitely true -- you dont want to be pestering your ex girlfriend with endless calls or texts -- so you should give your ex space for a few weeks after a breakup. This helps show your ex girlfriend youre not needy or desperate, and will give her time to reminisce about the positive aspects of your relationship. The length of this "no contact" phase will vary depending on how long youve been together - if you dated this girl for a year or more, then its best that you wait at least 30 days.
However, understandably, you may have already reached out to your ex before reading this article. Maybe you told her you missed her... told her you still loved her... maybe you even begged your ex girlfriend to come back to you. These are what we call "weak signals," and theyre not good.
If you did send any "weak signals" to your ex, stop now. However, you also dont want to cut off contact with your ex after sending these "weak signals"... thats what shell remember about you, and shell spend the "no contact" phase with a weak / needy image of you in her mind. Thats not what you want her to remember about you, presumably.
A better way to end communication for a few weeks -- or a good "final message" to send to your ex girlfriend before you stop talking to her for a while -- is to send the opposite vibes: tell her youre actually glad that the two of you broke up, and that it will be a good thing for you to take some time apart. In general, sound positive and upbeat, not depressed and heartbroken.
After sending that positive message, you can then stop talking to your ex for a while (this could be anywhere from 7 days to 2 months depending on the circumstances of your breakup). With the positive message you sent to your ex girlfriend at the top of her mind, shell start wondering why you were happy about the breakup... and whether she made the right decision ending the relationship.
This is the first step in shifting control of your situation from your ex girlfriend back to you. Eventually, assuming you play your cards right, you will be able to gain complete control of the situation... and make your girlfriend start second-guessing her decision to break up. She may even contact you before you get in touch with her!
If getting back together with her is your goal, then youll definitely want to be careful when and how you contact your ex. Hopefully this article has provided you with the necessary knowledge to do so.
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Thursday, March 24, 2016
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